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ამბროზია და მისი მაღალი ალერგენული თვისებები | ჯანმრთელობა | vidal.ge
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ამბროზია და მისი მაღალი ალერგენული თვისებები

თარიღი: 18 აგვისტო, 2022

ყვავილობის აქტიურ პერიოდში იმყოფება ერთ-ერთი მაღალი ალერგენული თვისებების მქონე  სარეველა მცენარის გვარი-ამბროზია.

 

გვარი Ambrosia L.-ამბროზია აერთიანებს ერთწლოვან და მრავალწლოვან მცენარეებს რთულყვავილოვანთა ოჯახიდან. ამბროზია საქართველოს ფლორის ადგილობრივი წარმომადგენელი არ არის (ინვაზიური მცენარეა, რომელიც ჩრდილოეთ ამერიკიდან ჯერ გავრცელდა ევროპის ტერიტორიაზე და შემდეგ უკვე კავკასიაშიც. გვარში შემავალი სახეობებიდან საქართველოში გვხვდება 2 სახეობა: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.-ავშანფოთოლა ამბროზია და Ambrosia trifida L.-სამნაკვთიანი ამბროზია. აღნიშნული სახეობები ფართოდაა გავრცელებული როგორც აღმოსავლეთ, ისე დასავლეთ საქართველოში. გავრცელებულია მიტოვებულ სასოფლო-სამეურნეო სავარგულებზე, რუდერალურ ადგილებში, გზების და მდინარეების პირებზე,  საძოვრებზე და სხვა. უპირატესად ვრცელდება ანთროპოგენულ ლანდშაფტებზე, ზღვის დონიდან მთის შუა სარტყლამდე (0 - 1000 მ ზღ.დ.-დან). დიდი ზომის პოპულაციები გვხვდება: კოლხეთის დაბლობზე, დაბალმთიან აჭარაში, ქვემო და შიდა ქართლში დაბლობებზე და მთისწინებზე, სამცხე-ჯავახეთში - ახალციხის და ადიგენის შემოგარენში, თბილისის შემოგარენში, კახეთის ბარში.

 

როდის ხდება ამბროზიის გვარის სახეობების დამტვერვა?

ამბროზიის ყვავილობის  პერიოდი საშუალოდ მოიცავს აგვისტოს დასაწყისიდან  სექტემბრის ბოლომდე პერიოდს. ყვავილის მტვრის მარცვლები ყველაზე მაღალი კონცენტრაციით უმეტესად აგვისტოს ბოლოდან სექტემბრის შუა რიცხვებამდე ფიქსირდება. ყვავილობის დაწყებაზე, მტვრის მარცვლების პროდუქტიულობაზე და დამტვერვის დასრულებაზე გავლენას ახდენს  კლიმატური პირობები.

წლევანდელი მონაცემების მიხედვით ამბროზიის მტვრის მარცვლები ივლისის ბოლოს უკვე დაფიქსირდა ჰაერის მასებში. აგვისტოს ბოლოდან მოსალოდნელია მისი მტვრის მარცვლების კონცენტრაციამ მიაღწიოს ძალიან მაღალ (პიკურ) მაჩვენებელს და განსაკუთრებით საყურადღებოა.

ამბროზია გამოირჩევა მტვრის მარცვლების მაღალი პროდუქტიულობით, მისი მტვრის მარცვლები ჰაერის მასებით ვრცელდება საკმაოდ შორ მანძილზე (ათეულობით კილომეტრზეც კი). მტვრის მარცვლები  მცირე ზომისაა (დიამეტრი 17-22µm (მიკრომეტრი),  ამიტომ შეუიარაღებელი თვალით მათი დანახვა შეუძლებელია, იდენტიფიცირება ხდება მიკროსკოპის საშუალებით. მტვრის მარცვლები შეიცავენ ალერგიის გამომწვევ ცილებს. მცენარის ალერგენულობის კოეფიციენტი მაქსიმალურია. 5 ბალიანი შეფასების სისტემაში შეადგენს 5. როდესაც მტვრის მარცვლების კონცენტრაცია აღწევს სარისკო ნიშნულს ალერგიულ ადამიანებს უვითარდებათ პოლინოზის (სეზონური ალერგიის) სიმპტომები.