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ალერგია კვერცხზე | ჯანმრთელობა | vidal.ge
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ალერგია კვერცხზე

თარიღი: 11 მარტი, 2024

რა უნდა ვიცოდეთ კვერცხზე ალერგიის დროს? 

რა მნიშვნელობა აქვს კვერცხში არსებული  ცილოვანი კომპონენტების დიაგნოსტიკას?


კვერცხი კვებითი ალერგენია, რომელიც კვებითი ალერგიის დიდ ცხრიანში შედის.

დიდი ცხრიანი მოიცავს: რძეს, კვერცხს, თევზს, კიბოსნაირებს, თხილს, არაქისს, ხორბალს, სოიოს და ახალ ალერგენს, რომელზეც ალერგია ისეთი ხშირი გახდა, რომ შეემატა დიდ რვიანს-სეზამი

კვერცხის მიმართ ალერგია ბავშვების 2,5 % -ში გვხდება. ის ვითარდება 2 წლამდე ასაკში და შემთხვევების 55%-ში ქრება პირველი 6 წლის განმავლობაში, ხოლო დარჩენილი შემთხვევები კი 16 წლამდე ასაკისთვის. 

 

კვერცხზე ალერგიული ბავშვების უმეტესობას აქვს უნარი განუვითარდეს კვერცხის ცილებისადმი ტოლერანტობა დროთა განმავლობაში. 

კვერცხზე ალერგიის კლინიკური გამოვლინებები მოიცავს მსუბუქ და მძიმე რეაქციებს, როგორიცაა:

- კანის რეაქციები (ერითემა, ჭინჭრის ციება, ანგიონევროზული შეშუპება) 

- კუჭ-ნაწლავის სიმპტომები (ღებინება, მუცლის ტკივილი,  ფაღარათი) 

- რესპირატორული გამოვლინებები (ხველა, ბრონქოსპაზმი, სუნთქვის გაძნელება) 

- ანაფილაქსია 

 


კვერცხი ცილებით მდიდარი პროდუქტია. კვერცხის ცილა შეიცავს 23 სხვადასხვა კომპონენტს. მათგან ძირითადი ალერგენებია: ოვალბუმინი, ოვომუკოიდი, ოვოტრანსფერინი და ლიზოციმი. 

 

კვერცხზე ალერგიის მქონე პირებისთვის მკაცრად რეკომენდებულია მოერიდონ კვერცხსა და კვერცხზე დაფუძნებულ საკვებ პროდუქტებს ტოლერანტობის გამომუშავებამდე.

 

ჯვარედინი რეაქცია გვხდება კვერცხის ცილი და კვერცხის გულის პროტეინებს შორის, ასევე სხვადასხვა ფრინველის კვერცხებს (ქათამი, ინდაური, იხვი და თოლია) შორის. 

 

კვლევებმა აღმოაჩინეს,რომ ოვომუკოიდის (Gალ დ 1) სპეციფიკური IგE, როგორც მნიშვნელოვანი ბიომარკერი მოხარშული კვერცხის ალერგიისთვის. ოვალბუმინის (Gალ დ 2) სპეციფიკური IგE, კი ითვლება საუკეთესო მარკერად, როგორც ნედლ, ასევე მოხარშულ კვერცხზე ალერგიის დიაგნოსტიკისთვის. ამრიგად, მათ ვისაც გამოუვლინდებათ ალერგია Gალ დ 2-ის მიმართ, ისინი ვერ აიტანენ, როგორც უმ, ისე თერმულად დამუშავებულ კვერცხს, ხოლო Gალ დ 1-ის მიმართ, ალერგიით გამოვლენილმა პირებმა, შეიძლება, თერმულად დამუშავებული კვერცხი აიტანონ. ეს მნიშვნელოვნად ცვლის პაციენტის ცხოვრების ხარისხს და გვიხსნის ამა თუ იმ კლინიკური გამოვლინების მიზეზებს.


დიაგნოსტიკის შესაძლებლობები: 

კანის სინჯებით;

სისხლში ალერგენების გამოვლენით:

სპეციფიკური IgE-ის განსაზღვრით კვერცხის, ოვალბუმინის, ოვომუკოიდის მიმართ

მულტიალერგენული მოლეკულური ტესტებით

 

სტატიის ავტორია ალერგიისა და იმუნოლოგიის ცენტრი