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ალერგია, სეზონური გრიპი თუ COVID 19? როგორ განვასხვაოთ ერთმანეთისგან? | ჯანმრთელობა | vidal.ge
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ალერგია, სეზონური გრიპი თუ COVID 19? როგორ განვასხვაოთ ერთმანეთისგან?

თარიღი: 18 ნოემბერი, 2020

ალერგია, სეზონური გრიპი თუ COVID 19? როგორ განვასხვაოთ ერთმანეთისგან?

დღევანდელი პანდემიის პირობებში ისეთი სიმპტომების არსებობისას, როგორიცაა ცემინება, სურდო, ხველა, ყელის ტკივილი, უმრავლესობას აწუხებს კითხვა, ხომ არ შეიძლება მას ქონდეს COVID 19?  მსოფლიოში მილიონობით ალერგიული ადამიანისთვს ეს კითხვა კიდევ უფრო რთული ხდება, ალერგიაა თუ COVID 19? თუ გაციება ან იქნებ სეზონური გრიპი? 

 

როგორ განვასხვაოთ ეს დაავადებები ერთმანეთისგან?

ალერგია

ალერგია ეს არის იმუნური სისტემის მომატებული მგრძნობელობა გარემოში გავრცელებული ალერგენების მიმართ, როგორიცაა ოთახისა და მცენარის მტვერი, ობის სოკო, ცხოველთა ეპითელიუმი. ის შესაძლებელია გამოვლინდეს როგორც სეზონურად ისე მთელი წლის მანძილზე. მას არ ახასიათებს ტემპერატურული რეაქცია და  არ არის გადამდები დაავადება.

 

ალერგიის სიმპტომებია:

· ცემინება

· სურდო ან ცხვირის გაჭედილობა

· თვალების ქავილი და ცრემლდენა

· ცხვირის და ყურების ქავილი

· ასთმის დროს: ხველა, მსტვინავი ხიხინი, სუნთქვის გაძნელება

ალერგიის დროს სიმპტომები იწყება ალერგენთან კონტაქტისთანავე, რეპირაციული ვირუსული ინფექციების დროს კი მინიმუმ 1 დღის შემდეგ. ხოლო სიმპტომები ხანგრძლივოდა დამოკიდებულია ალერგენების ზემოქმედებაზე.

 

სეზონური გრიპი და COVID-19 

სეზონური გრიპი და COVID 19 ორივე გადამდები რესპირატორული დაავადებაა, მაგრამ  გამოწვეულია სხვადასხვა ვირუსით. COVID-19 გამოწვეულია ახალი კორონავირუსით ინფიცირებით (SARS-CoV-2) და გრიპი - გრიპის ვირუსებით.

 

გრიპსა და COVID-19- ს შორის არსებობს რამდენიმე მნიშვნელოვანი განსხვავება. COVID-19 უფრო ადვილად ვრცელდება, ვიდრე გრიპი და ზოგიერთ ადამიანში უფრო სერიოზულ დაავადებებს იწვევს. მას უფრო მეტი დრო სჭირდება ინფიცირებიდან სიმპტომების გამოვლენამდე და ადამიანი უფრო დიდხანს არის გადამდები. კიდევ ერთი მნიშვნელოვანი განსხვავება არის გრიპის საწინააღმდეგო ვაქცინის არსებობა. ამჟამად  COVID-19-ის პროფილაქტიკის საწინააღმდეგო ვაქცინა ჯერ კიდევ კვლევის ფაზაშია. ინფექციის თავიდან ასაცილებლად საუკეთესო გზაა ვირუსის ზემოქმედების თავიდან აცილება, პირბადის ტარება, ხელის ხშირი დაბანა, სოციალური დისტანცირებაა.

 

ბავ­შვე­ბი მნიშ­ვნე­ლო­ვან როლს ას­რუ­ლე­ბენ გრი­პის სა­ზო­გა­დო­ე­ბა­ში გა­სავ­რცე­ლებ­ლად. COVID-19-ის შემ­თხვე­ვა­ში, ამ­ჟა­მინ­დელ ცნო­ბებ­ზე დაყ­რდნო­ბით, ბავ­შვებ­ზე, ზრდას­რუ­ლებ­თან შე­და­რე­ბით, კო­რო­ნა­ვირუ­სი ნაკ­ლებ ზე­გავ­ლე­ნას ახ­დენს.

 

სეზონური გრიპის სიმპტომებია:

· სიცხე

· ხველა

· ყელის ტკივილი

· სურდო ან ცხვირის გაჭედილობა

· სხეულში ან კუნთებში მტვრევის შეგრძნება

· თავის ტკივილი

· დაღლილობა

· ღებინება და  დიარეა, თუმცა ეს სიმპტომები ძირითადად ბავშვთა პოპულაციაში უფრო გვხვდება

 

COVID 19 -ის სიმპტომებია:

· სიცხე

· ხველა

· სუნთქვის გაძნელება

· დაღლილობა

· სხეულში ან კუნთებში მტვრევის შეგრძნება

· თავის ტკივილი

· ყნოსვის და გემოს დაკარგვა

· ღებინება, დიარეა

· ყელის ტკივილი

 

ვირუსით ინფიცირების შემდეგ რამდენ ხანში ვლინდება სიმპტომები გრიპისა და კორონავირუსის შემთხვევაში?

გრიპის დროს როგორც წესი, ადამიანს სიმპტომები უჩნდება ინფიცირებიდან 1– დან 4 დღის განმავლობაში.  COVID-19-ს დროს საშუალოდ ინფიცირებიდან 5 დღის შემდეგ, თუმცა  სიმპტომები შეიძლება გამოვლინდეს უფრო ადრეც ინფიცირებიდან 2 დღის შემდეგ ან უფრო გვიან ინფიცირებიდან 14 დღის განმავლობაში. 

 

რამდენ ხანს შეუძლია ინფიცირებულს ვირუსის გავრცელება?

გრიპით დაავადებულთა უმეტესობა გადამდებია სიმპტომების გამოვლენამდე დაახლოებით 1 დღით ადრე, ბავშვები და მოზრდილები ყველაზე გადამდები არიან დაავადების პირველი 3-4 დღის განმავლობაში. ჩვილები და სუსტი იმუნური სისტემის მქონე ადამიანები შეიძლება გადამდები გახდნენ კიდევ უფრო დიდხანს.

 

COVID-19 -ის დროს შესაძლებელია ადამიანებმა ვირუსი გაავრცელონ სიმპტომების გამოვლენამდე  2 დღით ადრე და გადამდები რჩებიან მინიმუმ 10 დღის  განმავლობაში. 

 

იმის გამო, რომ გრიპისა და COVID-19 ზოგიერთი სიმპტომი მსგავსია, შეიძლება ძნელი იყოს მათ შორის განსხვავების პოვნა მხოლოდ სიმპტომების საფუძველზე და დიაგნოზის დასადასტურებლად საჭიროა ტესტირების ჩატარება.

 

ალერგიის, გაციების, სეზონური გრიპისა და COVID 19 საერთო სიმპტომები

სიმპტომები

ალერგია

გაციება

გრიპი

COVID 19

სხეულში მტვრევის შეგრძნება

არა

√

√

√

შემცივნება

არა

არა

√

√

სიცხე

არა

იშვიათად

√

√

თავის ტკივილი

ხანდახან

ხანდახან

√

ხანდახან

ცხვირის გაჭედვა

√

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ხანდახან

იშვიათად

სურდო

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ხანდახან

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ცემინება

√

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ხანდახან

იშვიათად

თვალების ქავილი/ცრემლდენა

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არა

არა

არა

მშრალი ხველა

ხანდახან

√

√

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სუნთქვის გაძნელება

ხანდახან

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მსტვინავი სუნთქვა

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ხანდახან

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ყნოსვის დაკარგვა

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იშვიათად

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ყელის ტკივილი

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   ხანდახან

გულისრევა, ღებინება, დიარეა

არა

ხანდახან

ხანდახან

ხანდახან

სტატიაში გამოყენებული წყარო:

1.Similarities and Differences between Flu and COVID-19​ https://www.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/flu-vs-covid19.htm

Allergies or COVID-19? How to Tell the Difference. https://www.emersonhospital.org/articles/allergies-or-covid-19