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თარიღი: 25/03/2021

დამტვერვის აქტიურ ფაზაში იმყოფება ერთ-ერთი მაღალი ალერგენული თვისებების მქონე მცენარეთა გვარი კვიპაროსი.

გვარი Cupressus L.-კვიპაროსი, მარადმწვანე ხეების და იშვიათად ბუჩქების გვარია კვიპაროსისებრთა ოჯახიდან. უახლესი მონაცემების მიხედვით (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) გვარი აერთიანებს 70-მდე სახეობას.

საქართველოში კვიპაროსი ბუნებრივად არაა გავრცელებული, თუმცა ფართოდ გამოიყენება ლანდშაფტის გამწვანებაში და დარგულია ფერდობებზე, ქალაქის რეკრეაციულ ზონებში, ტყე-პარკებში,  დასახლებულ  უბნებში,  ქარსაცავ ზოლებში და ა.შ.

საქართველოში კვიპაროსებიდან ყველაზე დიდი რაოდენობით დარგულია მარადმწვანე კვიპაროსი (Cupressus sempervirens L). ვარჯის ფორმის მიხედვით, გვხდება მისი ჰორიზონტალური (Cupressus sempervirens f. horizontalis Mill.) და პირამიდული (Cupressus sempervirens f. pyramidalis Targ.) ფორმები. შედარებით მცირე რაოდენობით გვხდება არიზონის კვიპაროსი (Cupressus arizonica Greene), ჰიმალაური კვიპაროსი (Cupressus torulosa D.Don) და სხვა სახეობები.

კვიპაროსის დამტვერვის პერიოდი, საშუალოდ მოიცავს პერიოდს თებერვლის დასაწყისიდან აპრილის ბოლომდე. დამტვერვის პერიოდის დაწყებაზე გავლენას ახდენს მიმდინარე წლის ზამთრის კლიმატი, ხოლო დამტვერვის ხანგრძლივობაზე მიმდინარე წლის ზამთრის და გაზაფხულის კლიმატი.

კვიპაროსის გვარში შემავალი ზემოთ ჩამოთვლილი სახეობებიდან ყველაზე ადრე დამტვერვას იწყებს არიზონის კვიპაროსი (Cupressus arizonica Greene). წლევანდელი მონაცემების მიხედვით, ამ სახეობამ თებერვლის დასაწყისში დაიწყო დამტვერვა და  თებერვლის შუა რიცხვებიდან მარტის პირველი კვირის ჩათვლით მაღალი კონცენტრაციით ფიქსირდებოდა. შემდეგ დამტვერვა დაიწყო ყველაზე ფართოდ გავრცელებულმა მარადმწვანე კვიპაროსმა (Cupressus sempervirens L.)  და სხვა სახეობებმა, მაგრამ აციების გამო (თოვლი და დაბალი ტემპერატურა) მტვრის მარცვლების კონცენტრაცია არ ფიქსირდებოდა საგანგაშო ნიშნულზე, თუმცა ეხლა  უკვე მიაღწია მაღალ ნიშნულს. სავარაუდოდ მისი დამტვერვის პერიოდი (არასტაბილური კლიმატის გამო) დროში გახანგრძლივდება და მოსალოდნელია მტვრის მარცვლები  აპრილის ბოლომდე  დაფიქსირდეს ჰაერის მასებში.

კვიპაროსი ანემოფილურ (ქარით დამტვერავ) მცენარეთა ჯგუფს მიეკუთვნება, ახასიათებს მტვრის მარცვლების მაღალი პროდუქტიულობა, რომელიც ქარით ვრცელდება ძალიან შორ მანძილზე. მტვრის მარცვლების დიამეტრია 24-32µm(მკმ), ამიტომ შეუიარაღებელი თვალით მათი დანახვა შეუძლებელია (მიკროსკოპული კვლევით ხდება იდენტიფიცირება). მტვრის მარცვლები შეიცავენ დიდი რაოდენობით ალერგენულ ცილებს. მცენარის ალერგენულობის კოეფიციენტი მაქსიმალურია, 5 ბალიანი შეფასების სისტემაში შეადგენს 5-ს. როდესაც მტვრის მარცვლების კონცენტრაცია აღწევს სარისკო ნიშნულს, ალერგიულ ადამიანებს უვითარდებათ პოლინოზის საკმაოდ მძიმე ფორმა. მათ ვისაც დადასტურებული აქვთ კვიპაროსის მტვრის მარცვლებზე ალერგია, მზიან და ქარიან ამინდში განსაკუთრებით უნდა მოერიდონ გარეთ ყოფნას, რადგან ასეთ ამინდში ყველაზე მეტად იზრდება ჰაერში  მტვრის მარცვლების კონცენტრაცია.