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თარიღი: 11/05/2021

პოლინოზი სეზონური ხასიათის ალერგიული დაავადებაა, რომელიც განპირობებულია სხვადასხვა მცენარეების მტვრის მარცვლების მიმართ მომატებული მგრძნობელობით.

 

მაისის თვიდან პოლინოზით გამოწვეული სიმპტომები უმეტესწილად, ერთ-ერთ მაღალი ალერგენული თვისებების მქონე ბალახოვან მცენარეებს, მარცვლოვნებს უკავშირდება.

 

ოჯახი Poaceae-მარცვლოვნები, მრავალფეროვანი ოჯახია, მოიცავს მცენარის შემდეგ გვარებს: Poa-თივაქასრა, Festuca-წივანა, Dactylis-სათითურა, Phleum-ტიმოთელა,  Lolium-კოინდარი, Triticum-ხორბალი, Hordeum-ქერი, Avena-შვრია და  სხვა.

 

ამ ოჯახში შედის როგორც  კულტურული ასევე ველური მცენარეები. კულტურული მარცვლოვნები ნათესების სახით არის წარმოდგენილი, ხოლო ველური მარცვლოვნები ხშირად გამოიყენება ეზოების გამწვანებაში ე.წ. მოლის სახით, გავრცელებულია სათიბ-საძოვრებზე და ზოგადად,  ველურ ბუნებაში ბალახოვანი მცენარეულობის გაბატონებულ ჯგუფს წარმოადგენს.  

 

აღნიშნულ გვარებში შემავალი სახეობები მონაცვლეობით ყვავილობენ, ამიტომ მარცვლოვნების დამტვერვის პერიოდი, საშუალოდ მოიცავს პერიოდს აპრილის ბოლოდან სექტემბრის შუა რიცხვებამდე. მტვრის მარცვლები ყველაზე მაღალი კონცენტრაციით კი ძირითადად მაისის შუა რიცხვებიდან ივლისის ჩათვლით ფიქსირდება. დამტვერვის დაწყებაზე და დასრულებაზე გავლენას ახდენს მიმდინარე წლის კლიმატური პირობები.

 

მარცვლოვნები ანემოფილურ (ქარით დამტვერავ) მცენარეთა ჯგუფს მიეკუთვნება, ამიტომ მათი მტვრის მარცვლები ქარით იფანტება ათეულობით კილომეტრზეც კი. მტვრის მარცვლების დიამეტრია 20-100µm(მკმ), (ველური მარცვლოვნების მტვრის მარცვლები შედარებით პატარაა, კულტურულის კი უფრო დიდი ზომის). მათი დანახვა შეუიარაღებელი თვალით შეუძლებელია, იდენტიფიცირება ხდება მიკროსკოპის საშუალებით. მტვრის მარცვლები შეიცავენ ალერგენულ ცილებს. მათი ალერგენულობის კოეფიცინეტი მაქსიმალურია, 5 ბალიანი შეფასების სისტემაში შეადგენს 5-ს. ალერგენული თვისებებით ტიმოთელას (Phleum) გვარის სახეობა Phleum pratense L-მდელოს ტიმოთელა გამოირჩევა. როდესაც მტვრის მარცვლების კონცენტრაცია აღწევს სარისკო ნიშნულს, ალერგიული ადამიანების სასუნთქ სისტემაში და თვალში  მოხვედრისას იწვევს პოლინოზის სიმპტომებს. მათ ვისაც დადასტურებული აქვთ მარცვლოვნების მიმართ ალერგია, მზიან და ქარიან ამინდში განსაკუთრებით უნდა მოერიდონ გარეთ ყოფნას, რადგან ასეთ ამინდში ყველაზე მეტად იზრდება ჰაერში  მტვრის მარცვლების კონცენტრაცია.