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გახანგრძლივებული ხველის მიზეზი | ჯანმრთელობა | vidal.ge
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გახანგრძლივებული ხველის მიზეზი

თარიღი: 07 ნოემბერი, 2023

ხველა წარმოადგენს  ძალიან მნიშნელოვან ბუნებრივ რეფლექსს სასუნთქი სისტემის ჯანმრთელობის შენარჩუნებისთვის. ის მიეკუთვნება ყველაზე გავრცელებულ მიზეზს, რის გამოც პაციენტები მიმართავენ ექიმს.

ხანგრძლივობის მიხედვით ხველა იყოფა:

1. მწვავე ხველა, როდესაც ხველა გრძელდება 3 კვირაზე ნაკლებ ხანს (მისი ძირითადი მიზეზია სასუნთქი გზების მწვავე ინფექციები)

2. ქვემწვავე ხველა, რომელიც გრძელდება 3-8 კვირა

3. ქრონიკული ხველა, რომელიც გრძელდება 8 კვირაზე მეტ ხანს

ხველა, რომელიც გრძელდება 3 კვირაზე მეტ ხანს, აუცილებლად საჭიროებს შეფასებას და მიზეზის დადგენას.

ქრონიკული ხველის ყველაზე ხშირი მიზეზია:
ზედა სასუნთქი გზების სინდრომი (გამოწვეულია ცხვირის უკანა დენით), ასთმა და გასტროეზოფაგული რეფლუქსი.

ბრონქული ასთმა წარმოადგენს მეორე გავრცელებულ მიზეზს, რომელიც იწვევს გახანგრძლივებულ  ხველას მოზრდილებში და ყველაზე ხშირად ბავშვებში. ხველას, რომელიც გამოწვეულია ასთმით, ხშირად ახლავს ეპიზოდურად მსტვინავი ხიხინი, სუნთქვის გაძნელება, ქოშინი, თუმცა არსებობს ასევე „ასთმის ხველის ვარიანტი“ ანუ ასთმა წარმოდგენილი მხოლოდ ხველით.

ხველა, რომელიც დაკავშირებულია ბრონქულ ასთმასთან, შესაძლოა გამწვავდეს ალერგენთან კონტაქტის დროს სეზონურად, ასევე მტვერთან, ნესტის სოკოებთან, ცხოველებთან კონტაქტისას, რესპირაციული ვირუსული ინფექციების დროს, სიცივის, მშრალი ჰაერის, გარემო დაბინძურების, სხვადასხვა მძაფრი სუნების, ფიზიკური დატვირთვის დროს და ა.შ.

ხველის გახანგრძლივებისას და ბრონქულ ასთმაზე ეჭვის შემთხვევაში, აუცილებელია დროულად მიმართოთ ექიმს, ჩატარდეს დიაგნოსტიკა და მკურნალობა. აღნიშნულ დაავადებაზე მიუთითებს პაციენტის ისტორიაში ატოპიის (გენეტიკური მიდრეკილება ალერგიული დაავადებების განვითარებისკენ) ან ოჯახური ანამნეზის ქონა. აუცილებელია გამოიცხოს „დამნაშავე“ ალერგენი კანის პრიკ ტესტირებით ან სისხლის გზით. ასევე მნიშვნელოვანია ჩატარდეს ინსტრუმენტული კვლევები: სპირომეტრია და ამოსუნთქულ ჰაერში აზოტის ოქსიდის (FeNO) განსაზღვრა.  სპირომეტრიის დროს ხდელა ფილტვის ფუნქციების შეფასება, ხოლო FeNO-ს დროს კი მისი დონის მატება მიუთითებს სასუნთქ გზებში ეოზინოფილურ ანთებაზე, რაც ასთმისთვის არის დამახასიათებელი. მიღებული კვლევების შედეგების საფუძველზე, ექიმის მიერ, ხდება ხველის მიზეზის დადგენა და მკურნალობის სწორი ტაქტიკის არჩევა.